vmware自定义规范定制虚拟机-python

之前介绍过了vcenter自定义规范定制虚拟机-vsphere client，在图形化界面实现了虚拟机定制，虽然在一定程度上简化了操作，但是我觉得最终的应用场景应该是接入我们内部的自动化平台，打通cmdb、跳板机、监控等组件，因此我们来继续介绍下python模块pyvmomi实现虚拟机定制，希望能给大家带来一定的启发。

环境准备

名称	版本	备注
vCenter	5.5.0-218311	vCenter Server5.5 Update 2b
Centos	7.5	模板自带IP：192.168.3.253
pyvmomi	6.7.3
python	2.7.15

pyvmomi模块提供了一些实例，我们以clone_vm.py例子进行了整合修改。

虚拟机订制流程

pyvmomi实现自定义规范定制和vsphere client不同，它的流程如下：

1.通过clone_vm函数从模板克隆虚拟机，注意克隆完成后不要启动；

2.克隆完成后，在关机状态下通过ip_assign函数按照自定义规范进行定制；

3.自定义完成后，虚拟机是关闭的，需要通过powerOn函数启动；

实现

1.网络配置

def ip_assign(vm, vm_ip, vm_name):
    """设置IP地址"""
    adaptermap = vim.vm.customization.AdapterMapping()
    adaptermap.adapter = vim.vm.customization.IPSettings()
    adaptermap.adapter.ip = vim.vm.customization.FixedIp()
    adaptermap.adapter.ip.ipAddress = vm_ip
    adaptermap.adapter.subnetMask = "255.255.255.0"
    adaptermap.adapter.gateway = "192.168.3.1"
    #adaptermap.adapter.dnsDomain = "localhost"
    """dns设置"""
    globalip = vim.vm.customization.GlobalIPSettings()
    globalip.dnsServerList = "114.114.114.114"
    """设置主机名"""
    ident = vim.vm.customization.LinuxPrep()
    #ident.domain = "localhost"
    ident.hostName = vim.vm.customization.FixedName()
    ident.hostName.name = vm_name
    customspec = vim.vm.customization.Specification()
    customspec.nicSettingMap = [adaptermap]
    customspec.globalIPSettings = globalip
    customspec.identity = ident
    print "Reconfiguring VM Networks . . ."
    task = vm.Customize(spec=customspec)
    wait_for_task(task)

以上主要实现IP地址设置、dns设置、主机名设置，由于我们在模板中对CPU、MEMORY、DISK等已经定义完毕，基于模板进行定制，因此没有此方面的定义。

2.虚拟机启动

默认自定义完成后，虚拟机是关机状态的，我们需要开机操作才能和其他流程整合。

#根据虚拟机名获取obj
vm = get_obj(content, [vim.VirtualMachine], args.vm_name)
#执行开机操作
task = vm.PowerOn()
wait_for_task(task)

3.clone_vm_customize.py实现

clone_vm.py 是只对虚拟机模板的克隆，不具有自定义规范的功能，因此我们通过对其进行网络配置、虚拟机启动进行整合，才能实现真正的自定义克隆模板的定制。

基于clone_vm.py整合如下：

vim clone_vm_customize.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Written by Dann Bohn
Github: https://github.com/whereismyjetpack
Email: [e-mail]

Clone a VM from template example
"""

from pyVmomi import vim
from pyVim.connect import SmartConnect, SmartConnectNoSSL, Disconnect
import atexit
import argparse
import getpass

from add_nic_to_vm import add_nic


def get_args():
    """ Get arguments from CLI """
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Arguments for talking to vCenter')

    parser.add_argument('-s', '--host',
                        required=True,
                        action='store',
                        help='vSpehre service to connect to')

    parser.add_argument('-o', '--port',
                        type=int,
                        default=443,
                        action='store',
                        help='Port to connect on')

    parser.add_argument('-u', '--user',
                        required=True,
                        action='store',
                        help='Username to use')

    parser.add_argument('-p', '--password',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        help='Password to use')

    parser.add_argument('-v', '--vm-name',
                        required=True,
                        action='store',
                        help='Name of the VM you wish to make')

    parser.add_argument('--no-ssl',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='Skip SSL verification')

    parser.add_argument('--template',
                        required=True,
                        action='store',
                        help='Name of the template/VM \
                            you are cloning from')

    parser.add_argument('--datacenter-name',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        default=None,
                        help='Name of the Datacenter you\
                            wish to use. If omitted, the first\
                            datacenter will be used.')

    parser.add_argument('--vm-folder',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        default=None,
                        help='Name of the VMFolder you wish\
                            the VM to be dumped in. If left blank\
                            The datacenter VM folder will be used')

    parser.add_argument('--datastore-name',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        default=None,
                        help='Datastore you wish the VM to end up on\
                            If left blank, VM will be put on the same \
                            datastore as the template')

    parser.add_argument('--datastorecluster-name',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        default=None,
                        help='Datastorecluster (DRS Storagepod) you wish the VM to end up on \
                            Will override the datastore-name parameter.')

    parser.add_argument('--cluster-name',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        default=None,
                        help='Name of the cluster you wish the VM to\
                            end up on. If left blank the first cluster found\
                            will be used')

    parser.add_argument('--resource-pool',
                        required=False,
                        action='store',
                        default=None,
                        help='Resource Pool to use. If left blank the first\
                            resource pool found will be used')

    parser.add_argument('--power-on',
                        dest='power_on',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='power on the VM after creation')

    parser.add_argument('--opaque-network',
                        required=False,
                        help='Name of the opaque network to add to the VM')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if not args.password:
        args.password = getpass.getpass(
            prompt='Enter password')

    return args

def wait_for_task(task):
    """ wait for a vCenter task to finish """
    task_done = False
    while not task_done:
        if task.info.state == 'success':
            return task.info.result

        if task.info.state == 'error':
            print("there was an error")
            task_done = True


def get_obj(content, vimtype, name):
    """
    Return an object by name, if name is None the
    first found object is returned
    """
    obj = None
    container = content.viewManager.CreateContainerView(
        content.rootFolder, vimtype, True)
    for c in container.view:
        if name:
            if c.name == name:
                obj = c
                break
        else:
            obj = c
            break

    return obj


def ip_assign(vm, vm_ip, vm_name):
    """自定义规范设置"""
    """设置IP地址"""
    adaptermap = vim.vm.customization.AdapterMapping()
    adaptermap.adapter = vim.vm.customization.IPSettings()
    adaptermap.adapter.ip = vim.vm.customization.FixedIp()
    adaptermap.adapter.ip.ipAddress = vm_ip
    adaptermap.adapter.subnetMask = "255.255.255.0"
    adaptermap.adapter.gateway = "192.168.3.1"
    #adaptermap.adapter.dnsDomain = "localhost"
    """dns设置"""
    globalip = vim.vm.customization.GlobalIPSettings()
    globalip.dnsServerList = "114.114.114.114"
    """设置主机名"""
    ident = vim.vm.customization.LinuxPrep()
    #ident.domain = "localhost"
    ident.hostName = vim.vm.customization.FixedName()
    ident.hostName.name = vm_name
    customspec = vim.vm.customization.Specification()
    customspec.nicSettingMap = [adaptermap]
    customspec.globalIPSettings = globalip
    customspec.identity = ident
    print "Reconfiguring VM Networks . . ."
    #task = get_obj([vim.VirtualMachine],vm).Customize(spec=customspec)
    task = vm.Customize(spec=customspec)
    wait_for_task(task)

def clone_vm(
        content, template, vm_name, si,
        datacenter_name, vm_folder, datastore_name,
        cluster_name, resource_pool, power_on, datastorecluster_name):
    """
    Clone a VM from a template/VM, datacenter_name, vm_folder, datastore_name
    cluster_name, resource_pool, and power_on are all optional.
    """

    # if none git the first one
    datacenter = get_obj(content, [vim.Datacenter], datacenter_name)

    if vm_folder:
        destfolder = get_obj(content, [vim.Folder], vm_folder)
    else:
        destfolder = datacenter.vmFolder

    if datastore_name:
        datastore = get_obj(content, [vim.Datastore], datastore_name)
    else:
        datastore = get_obj(
            content, [vim.Datastore], template.datastore[0].info.name)

    # if None, get the first one
    cluster = get_obj(content, [vim.ClusterComputeResource], cluster_name)

    if resource_pool:
        resource_pool = get_obj(content, [vim.ResourcePool], resource_pool)
    else:
        resource_pool = cluster.resourcePool

    vmconf = vim.vm.ConfigSpec()

    if datastorecluster_name:
        podsel = vim.storageDrs.PodSelectionSpec()
        pod = get_obj(content, [vim.StoragePod], datastorecluster_name)
        podsel.storagePod = pod

        storagespec = vim.storageDrs.StoragePlacementSpec()
        storagespec.podSelectionSpec = podsel
        storagespec.type = 'create'
        storagespec.folder = destfolder
        storagespec.resourcePool = resource_pool
        storagespec.configSpec = vmconf

        try:
            rec = content.storageResourceManager.RecommendDatastores(
                storageSpec=storagespec)
            rec_action = rec.recommendations[0].action[0]
            real_datastore_name = rec_action.destination.name
        except:
            real_datastore_name = template.datastore[0].info.name

        datastore = get_obj(content, [vim.Datastore], real_datastore_name)

    # set relospec
    relospec = vim.vm.RelocateSpec()
    relospec.datastore = datastore
    relospec.pool = resource_pool

    clonespec = vim.vm.CloneSpec()
    clonespec.location = relospec
    clonespec.powerOn = power_on

    print("cloning VM...")
    task = template.Clone(folder=destfolder, name=vm_name, spec=clonespec)
    wait_for_task(task)


def main():
    """
    Let this thing fly
    """
    args = get_args()

    # connect this thing
    si = None
    if args.no_ssl:
        si = SmartConnectNoSSL(
            host=args.host,
            user=args.user,
            pwd=args.password,
            port=args.port)
    else:
        si = SmartConnect(
            host=args.host,
            user=args.user,
            pwd=args.password,
            port=args.port)
    # disconnect this thing
    atexit.register(Disconnect, si)

    content = si.RetrieveContent()
    template = None

    template = get_obj(content, [vim.VirtualMachine], args.template)

    if template:
        #克隆模板
        clone_vm(
            content, template, args.vm_name, si,
            args.datacenter_name, args.vm_folder,
            args.datastore_name, args.cluster_name,
            args.resource_pool, args.power_on, args.datastorecluster_name)
        vm = get_obj(content, [vim.VirtualMachine], args.vm_name)
        if args.opaque_network:
            add_nic(si, vm, args.opaque_network)
        
        #自定义规范定制虚拟机     
        ip_assign(vm, "192.168.3.254", args.vm_name)
    else:
        print("template not found")
    
    #启动虚拟机
    vm = get_obj(content, [vim.VirtualMachine], args.vm_name)
    task = vm.PowerOn()
    wait_for_task(task)

# start this thing
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

```

4.执行命令

#-s: vcenter地址
#-u: vcenter账户
#-p: vcneter密码
#-v: 虚拟机和主机名we123
#--template: 克隆的模板名称template_centos7
#--datacenter-name: 数据中心unicom-idc
#--vm-folder：新建虚拟机所在的文件夹test
#--datastore-name: 虚拟机挂载的存储vm.datastore1
#--cluster-name: 虚拟机所在集群idc
python clone_vm_customize.py -s 192.168.3.xxx -u [e-mail] -p xxxxxxx -v we123 --template template_centos7 --datacenter-name unicom-idc --vm-folder test --datastore-name vm.datastore1 --cluster-name idc  --no-ssl

执行完成后，根据ip_assign(vm, "192.168.3.254", args.vm_name)实现虚拟机的网络定制如下：

ip地址：192.168.3.254；

子网掩码：255.255.255.0；

网关：192.168.3.1；

DNS：114.114.114.114；

虚拟机名和主机名：we123；

总结

经过实验对比，此次的虚拟机定制过程可以在不到3分钟的时间内交付一台虚拟机，大大的提高了运维的工作效率。至于交付的虚拟机剩余工作，我们需要结合自己的实际情况与其他组件进行对接。

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